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What Are the Health Risks of Living Near a Sewage Spill?

Last updated October 26, 2026

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The short answer

Understanding the Main Threats

Sewage contains a mix of human waste, chemicals, and microorganisms. The primary health concern is exposure to pathogens like E. Coli, Salmonella, and hepatitis A. These can enter your body through ingestion, skin contact, or inhaling contaminated dust or mist.

Even if you do not touch the water directly, you can be at risk. Contaminated soil, surfaces, or items left wet can harbor germs for days. Children and pets are especially vulnerable because they are more likely to come into contact with affected areas.

  • Gastrointestinal illness: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Skin infections: rashes, itching, or open sores
  • Respiratory problems: coughing, wheezing, or sinus irritation
  • Eye and ear infections from contact with contaminated water
  • Tetanus risk from puncture wounds during cleanup
  • Long-term mold exposure if materials stay wet

How Germs Spread

Germs from sewage can spread through direct contact with contaminated water or soil. You can also breathe in tiny droplets when water is disturbed, such as during cleanup or when using a hose. Touching your face, mouth, or eyes after handling contaminated items is another common route.

Contaminated food or drinks are a risk if they come into contact with sewage water. The same applies to personal items like toothbrushes or towels. Washing your hands thoroughly with soap and clean water is the simplest way to reduce your risk.

Who Is Most at Risk

Anyone near a sewage spill can get sick, but some people face higher risks. Young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop serious infections. Those with chronic lung conditions, like asthma, may also react more strongly to mold or irritants.

If you have open cuts or sores, keep them covered and avoid contact with contaminated areas. If you feel unwell after exposure, see a doctor. Symptoms like fever, persistent diarrhea, or difficulty breathing should not be ignored.

Reducing Your Exposure

Limit your time near the spill and keep children and pets away until cleanup is complete. Wear gloves, boots, and a mask if you enter the area. Do not use fans that could spread contaminated dust or mist into the air.

Wash any exposed skin with soap and clean water right away. Launder clothes that touched sewage separately in hot water. Disinfect hard surfaces with a bleach solution, but never mix bleach with other cleaners. If the spill is large or indoors, the pros have the equipment to handle it safely.

  • Keep a safe distance and avoid wading in floodwater
  • Use barriers like plastic sheeting to block off affected rooms
  • Do not eat, drink, or smoke near the spill area
  • Wash hands frequently with soap and water
  • Discard porous items like carpet, drywall, and mattresses
  • Open windows and use exhaust fans to ventilate the space

When to Call for Help

Small spills can sometimes be handled with proper precautions, but larger ones require professional cleanup. If sewage has soaked into walls, flooring, or furniture, you may not be able to fully disinfect it yourself. The pros use specialized equipment to extract water, dry the area, and treat surfaces.

If the spill comes from a sewer line or is widespread, call local water damage pros. They can assess the extent of the damage and remove contaminated materials. If you live in Virginia Beach, keep your insurance policy handy and check what your coverage includes. Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I get sick from just being near a sewage spill?

Yes, you can. Even without direct contact, you may inhale airborne germs or touch contaminated surfaces. The risk is higher if you have open wounds or a weakened immune system. Move to a safe distance and avoid the area until cleanup is done.

How long do germs stay alive in a sewage spill?

Germs can survive for days or even weeks, depending on temperature and moisture. Warm, damp conditions help bacteria and viruses live longer. That is why quick cleanup and thorough drying are important. If materials stay wet, mold can also start growing within 24 to 48 hours.

What should I do if my child touches sewage water?

Wash the skin with soap and clean water immediately. Remove and wash any contaminated clothing. Watch for signs of illness like fever, vomiting, or diarrhea over the next few days. If symptoms appear or you have concerns, contact a doctor.

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